- Identity
- HPTLC fingerprint against a reference standard to confirm Astragalus membranaceus or A. mongholicus root and exclude other Astragalus or Hedysarum roots.
- Astragaloside IV or polysaccharide assay
- Astragaloside IV by HPLC with ELSD or MS detection, or total polysaccharides by a phenol-sulfuric acid UV-Vis method, as the spec requires. The COA should name the method.
- Heavy metals
- Lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury by ICP-MS against the buyer's limits and any Prop 65 exposure targets.
- Microbiology
- Total plate count, yeast and mold, E. coli and Salmonella. Raw cut herb and powder carry more microbial load than extracts and may be steam treated.
- Pesticide residues
- Multi-residue screen by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS, required for organic claims and commonly asked for on conventional lots.
- Physical tests
- Loss on drying, particle size or mesh, and for extracts the extract ratio, carrier and residual solvents (USP <467> or the buyer's spec).